Pritilata Waddedar 1911–1932
  1. Home
  2. Timeline

Record 10 · Chronology

Twenty-one years,
and the ninety
that followed

Every date on this page has been checked against standard accounts. Where accounts differ, the entry says so.

Part 01

The life · 1911–1932

Larger markers are the turning points. Scroll sideways on a wide screen, or read straight down on a narrow one.

  1. 1911 5 May

    Born at Dhalghat

    Born in the village of Dhalghat, Patiya, Chittagong district, Bengal Presidency — now in Bangladesh. Daughter of Jagabandhu Waddedar, a clerk in the Chittagong municipality, and Pratibhamayi Devi. Called Rani at home.

    Open record →
  2. 1911 December

    The partition of Bengal annulled

    Seven months after her birth, the 1905 division of the province is reversed and the imperial capital moves from Calcutta to Delhi.

    Open record →
  3. 1928

    Matriculation, first division

    Passes the matriculation examination from Dr. Khastagir Government Girls’ School, Chittagong. The same year, the Simon Commission arrives in India without a single Indian member and is boycotted nationwide.

    Open record →
  4. 1929

    Eden College, Dhaka

    Takes the intermediate arts examination at Eden College; accounts record her placing first among candidates of the Dhaka board. Joins Sreesangha, in the circle of Leela Nag’s Deepali Sangha.

    Open record →
  5. 1930 18 April

    The Chittagong armoury raid

    Surya Sen’s group seizes the district’s armouries, cuts communications and proclaims a provisional revolutionary government. Pritilata is a student in Calcutta at the time. On 22 April British forces attack the group at Jalalabad; about a dozen revolutionaries are killed.

    Open record →
  6. 1931 14 December

    Comilla

    Santi Ghose and Suniti Choudhury, both schoolgirls, shoot the district magistrate at Comilla. Kalpana Datta joins the Chittagong organisation this year.

    Open record →
  7. 1932 6 February

    Bina Das at the convocation

    Her fellow Bethune College student fires at the Governor of Bengal during the Calcutta University convocation, and is sentenced to nine years.

    Open record →
  8. 1932

    Graduates in philosophy — degree withheld

    Completes her BA in philosophy at Bethune College, Calcutta, with distinction. The colonial authorities withhold her degree, as they do Bina Das’s.

    Open record →
  9. 1932

    Headmistress in Chittagong

    Returns to Chittagong and takes charge of the Nandankanan Aparna Charan School as headmistress. In the same period she joins Surya Sen’s organisation.

    Open record →
  10. 1932 13 June

    The Dhalghat encounter

    British forces surround a house at Dhalghat where Surya Sen, Nirmal Sen and Pritilata are present. Nirmal Sen and Apurba Sen are killed, along with Captain Cameron of the British force. She escapes with Surya Sen and goes underground.

    Open record →
  11. 1932 early September

    Kalpana Datta arrested

    Arrested during preparations for the Pahartali action and released on bail, Kalpana Datta returns underground and does not take part.

    Open record →
  12. 1932 23 September

    The Pahartali action

    Late at night, a small party led by Pritilata Waddedar attacks the Pahartali European Club. A woman named Mrs. Sullivan is killed and a number of people are injured. Pritilata is wounded as the party withdraws.

    Open record →
  13. 1932 24 September

    Death at Pahartali

    Rather than be captured she takes poison and dies. Her body is recovered that morning. She is twenty-one. Papers found with her include a written statement arguing for the equal participation of women in the freedom struggle.

    Open record →

Drag, scroll or use the arrow keys to move through the sequence

A short life, densely dated

Between her matriculation in 1928 and her death in September 1932 there are four years. Inside them: two board examinations, a degree, a professional appointment, membership of two political organisations, an armed encounter she survived and an action she led.

It is worth reading the sequence slowly. The compression is the point.

Archival black and white portrait of Pritilata Waddedar in a patterned sari.
Plate 01 · Archival photograph Pritilata Waddedar. Undated studio photograph. Photographer unrecorded.
Part 02

The afterlife · 1933–2012

What happened to the movement, to the district, and to her reputation.

  1. 1933 16 February

    Surya Sen captured

    Betrayed by an informer, Surya Sen is taken. Kalpana Datta is captured in May and later sentenced to transportation for life.

    Open record →
  2. 1934 12 January

    Surya Sen executed

    Surya Sen is hanged at Chittagong, together with Tarakeswar Dastidar. The Chittagong branch of the Indian Republican Army has effectively ceased to exist.

    Open record →
  3. 1947

    A border arrives

    Chittagong becomes part of East Pakistan at partition, and of Bangladesh in 1971. Her birthplace, her school and the site of her death end up on one side of a new border; her college and much of the scholarship about her on the other.

    Open record →
  4. 2010–2017

    On screen

    Portrayed in Ashutosh Gowariker’s Khelein Hum Jee Jaan Sey (2010) and in Bedabrata Pain’s Chittagong (2012). The Bangladeshi film Bhalobasa Pritilata (2017) takes her as its subject.

    Open record →
  5. 2012

    The degree conferred

    Eighty years after she earned it, the University of Calcutta confers her withheld degree posthumously, together with that of Bina Das.

    Open record →
Note

On dating this life

A single-storey colonial-period building with a green corrugated roof and red walls, among trees.
Plate 02 · Pahartali The building associated with the former Pahartali European Club. Contemporary photograph of the surviving structure.
A dark bronze bust of Pritilata Waddedar on a stepped plinth, hung with marigold garlands, outdoors among trees.
Plate 03 · Commemoration A garlanded bronze bust at a commemoration. Contemporary photograph of a memorial installation.

Dates that are firm

Her birth on 5 May 1911; the armoury raid on 18 April 1930 and the Jalalabad encounter on 22 April; the Comilla shooting on 14 December 1931; Bina Das’s action on 6 February 1932; the Dhalghat encounter on 13 June 1932; the Pahartali action on the night of 23 September 1932 and her death, recorded on 24 September; Surya Sen’s capture in February 1933 and execution on 12 January 1934; the conferral of her degree in 2012.

Dates that are approximate

The precise month in 1932 in which she joined Surya Sen’s organisation, and the precise date of her appointment as headmistress. Accounts place both in 1932 without agreeing on more.

Figures that vary between accounts

The number of revolutionaries killed at Jalalabad (commonly given as about twelve); the size of the party at Pahartali (roughly seven to ten); and the number injured at the club (roughly eleven to fourteen). This archive gives ranges rather than choosing a figure.

Where her death is dated to 23 September

Some accounts date her death to the night of the action, 23 September, and others to the morning her body was recovered, 24 September. Both refer to the same few hours. This archive uses 24 September, the date most commonly given.